1. Introdución
The Raspberry Pi 4 Model B is a powerful, credit-card sized computer designed for a wide range of applications, from desktop computing to embedded projects. This 8GB RAM version offers enhanced performance for demanding tasks. It features a quad-core Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) 64-bit SoC, dual display support up to 4K@60Hz, true Gigabit Ethernet, 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz wireless LAN, Bluetooth 5.0, and upgraded USB 3.0 ports.
Este manual proporciona información esencial para configurar, operar, manter e solucionar problemas da súa Raspberry Pi 4 Modelo B.
Imaxe 1: De arriba abaixo view of the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B (8GB) board, showing the main components and ports.
2. Configuración
2.1 Compoñentes necesarios
- Raspberry Pi 4 Model B (8GB) board
- Official Raspberry Pi USB-C Power Supply (5.1V, 3A) or equivalent
- MicroSD card (minimum 8GB, Class 10 recommended) with Raspberry Pi OS installed
- Micro HDMI to HDMI cable (x2 for dual display)
- Teclado e rato USB
- Monitor ou TV con entrada HDMI
- (Optional) Ethernet cable for wired network connection
2.2 Preparación da tarxeta MicroSD
- Download the Raspberry Pi Imager software from the official Raspberry Pi websitio.
- Insert your MicroSD card into a card reader connected to your computer.
- Open Raspberry Pi Imager, select your desired operating system (e.g., Raspberry Pi OS Full), and choose your MicroSD card.
- Click "Write" to install the operating system onto the MicroSD card. This process will erase all existing data on the card.
- Once the writing process is complete, safely eject the MicroSD card from your computer.
2.3 Conexión de periféricos
Before applying power, connect all necessary peripherals:
- Tarxeta MicroSD: Insert the prepared MicroSD card into the card slot on the underside of the Raspberry Pi.
- Visualización: Connect one or two Micro HDMI to HDMI cables from the Raspberry Pi's Micro HDMI ports to your monitor(s).
- Teclado e rato: Connect your USB keyboard and mouse to the USB 2.0 or USB 3.0 ports.
- Rede (opcional): For a wired connection, plug an Ethernet cable into the Ethernet port.
Imaxe 2: Lateral view of the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B, highlighting the USB 2.0, USB 3.0, and Ethernet ports.
2.4 Acendido
Once all peripherals are connected, plug the USB-C power supply into the Raspberry Pi's USB-C power port. The Raspberry Pi will automatically power on and begin the boot process. The red power LED will illuminate, and the green activity LED will flash during boot.
3. Instrucións de funcionamento
3.1 First Boot and Initial Configuration
On the first boot, Raspberry Pi OS will guide you through an initial setup wizard. This includes setting your country, language, timezone, creating a new password, connecting to Wi-Fi, and updating software. Follow the on-screen prompts to complete the setup.
3.2 Desktop Environment
After initial setup, you will be presented with the Raspberry Pi OS desktop environment. This functions similarly to other desktop operating systems, allowing you to browse the web, edit documents, program, and more.
3.3 Conectividade
- Wi-Fi: Connect to a wireless network using the network icon in the top-right corner of the desktop.
- Bluetooth: Pair Bluetooth devices via the Bluetooth icon in the top-right corner.
- Ethernet: If an Ethernet cable is connected, the Raspberry Pi will automatically establish a wired network connection.
3.4 Cabeceira GPIO
The 40-pin GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) header allows you to connect and control various electronic components and sensors. Refer to the official Raspberry Pi documentation for detailed information on GPIO programming and usage.
Imaxe 3: Arriba view of the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B, showing the 40-pin GPIO header on the left side.
4. Mantemento
4.1 Actualizacións de software
Regularly update your Raspberry Pi OS to ensure optimal performance, security, and access to the latest features. Open a terminal and run the following commands:
sudo apt update
sudo apt full-upgrade -y
sudo reboot4.2 Refrixeración
The Raspberry Pi 4 can generate significant heat under heavy load. For sustained performance, especially in enclosed spaces or demanding applications, consider using a heatsink or an active cooling solution (e.g., a fan) to prevent thermal throttling.
Imaxe 4: Primeiro plano view of the main processor chip on the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B, which can benefit from cooling solutions.
4.3 Safe Shutdown
Always shut down your Raspberry Pi properly to prevent data corruption on the MicroSD card. You can do this via the desktop menu (Menu > Shutdown > Shutdown) or by opening a terminal and typing:
sudo shutdown -h nowWait for the green activity LED to stop flashing before disconnecting power.
5 Solución de problemas
- Sen saída de visualización:
- Ensure Micro HDMI cables are securely connected to both the Raspberry Pi and the monitor.
- Verifique que o monitor estea configurado na fonte de entrada correcta.
- Try a different Micro HDMI cable or monitor.
- Ensure the MicroSD card has a valid operating system installed.
- Power Issues (No LEDs, No Boot):
- Confirm you are using a compatible 5.1V 3A USB-C power supply.
- Check the power cable and connection.
- Try a different power supply if available.
- Problemas de conectividade Wi-Fi/Bluetooth:
- Ensure the Wi-Fi/Bluetooth module is enabled in the Raspberry Pi OS settings.
- Check for correct network credentials.
- Move the Raspberry Pi closer to the wireless access point.
- Ensure no physical obstructions are blocking the signal.
- Rendemento lento:
- Check for excessive heat and consider adding a cooling solution.
- Ensure your MicroSD card is a high-speed (Class 10 or higher) card.
- Pecha as aplicacións innecesarias.
- Realiza unha actualización de software.
For more detailed troubleshooting, visit the official Raspberry Pi documentation and community forums.
6. Especificacións
| Característica | Detalle |
|---|---|
| Procesador | Broadcom BCM2711, SoC de catro núcleos Cortex-A72 (ARM v8) de 64 bits a 1.5 GHz |
| RAM | 8 GB LPDDR4-2400 SDRAM |
| Conectividade | 2.4 GHz and 5.0 GHz IEEE 802.11b/g/n/ac wireless LAN, Bluetooth 5.0, BLE, Gigabit Ethernet |
| Portos USB | 2 portos USB 3.0, 2 portos USB 2.0 |
| Video & Sound | 2 × micro-HDMI ports (up to 4Kp60 supported), 2-lane MIPI DSI display port, 2-lane MIPI CSI camera port, 4-pole stereo audio and composite video port |
| GPIO | Cabeceira GPIO estándar de 40 pines (totalmente compatible cara atrás con placas anteriores) |
| Poder | 5V DC via USB-C connector (minimum 3A), 5V DC via GPIO header, Power over Ethernet (PoE) enabled (requires separate PoE HAT) |
| Dimensións | 2.76 x 1.97 x 0.39 polgadas (70 x 50 x 10 mm) |
| Sistema Operativo | Raspberry Pi OS (formerly Raspbian) |
Imaxe 5: Primeiro plano view of the dual Micro HDMI ports and the MIPI CSI camera port on the Raspberry Pi 4 Model B.
7. Garantía e soporte
For warranty information and technical support, please refer to the official Raspberry Pi websitio web ou póñase en contacto co seu punto de venda. Garde o comprobante de compra para reclamacións de garantía.
Raspberry Pi oficial Websitio: www.raspberrypi.org
